Removed pump and injectors for overhaul after turning engine till marks in pump window aligned and timing mark on gear cover was at about 20 deg BTDC.  Did not turn engine while waiting for rebuilder.  Did remove the pump drive gear cover plate but 90% sure I did not disengage those teeth from idler gear teeth.  Reinstalled pump and injectors, bled lines, started tractor, and it sounded pretty good, but white smoke.  As I waited for it to warm up, diesel started leaking from the exhaust manifold so I shut it down knowing unburnt fuel was present.

  So what have I done ?  Messed up timing ?  Injector issue ?

Please refer pics for clues ...

The idler gear has a timing dot but the pump drive gear doesn't have a dot that I can see, but does have a helical shaped mark around the rear face.  Is this a timing mark ?  Service manual shows a dot aligned on both gears when timed correctly.

With the pump timing marks aligned and the pointer on 18 BTDC per service manual, the dot and helical don't align.

Also, it doesn't look to me like the injectors are seating properly even though I verified no crush washers left behind and new ones on each injector.  Are they supposed to sit this high ?  (I removed foam dust seal for the photo)

With the roosa marks aligned and on 18 BTDC the idler gear dot is out of position.

I never had the drive gear off the shaft but perhaps inadvertently slipped some teeth.  So, any ideas on how I can get this back into time would be appreciated.

Also, 90% sure the outer shiv on the harmonic balancer hasn't slipped in the rubber which would put the timing marks out of position.  Haven't found the alignment marks on the dampner with a mirror but still looking to verify.

With injector # 1 out, and the dampner timing mark on top dead center, the piston is up, but valve cover not removed to verify valve position.  Is it possible the pump is out such that it is injecting at top of exhaust stroke ?  Don't see how it could run that way but that would push plenty of diesel out the exhaust manifold.  Also I'm confident the drive shaft dot was aligned correctly when stabbing the pump onto it.  Ugh I hate puzzles.

As a rule of thumb if the factory seal is broke on the bottom timing advance trimmer screw, some one probably has tried to turn more fuel to the unit not knowing what they were doing.

Took the injectors from the wet exhaust manifold, sent them back to the shop that repaired them, then sat back rehearsing my speech on how they should pay attention to their work.  They were returned with a note saying injectors were fine, just plugged up with anti seize.   Oops ... once I had an injector connection gall so I like a bit of anti-seize on the connection.  Since I wasn't paying attention I let it get into the tube and plugged newly rebuild injectors ... foolish but that's me.  Still have some white smoke but no moisture in the exhaust path so hoping any other plugged injectors will clean up with fuel additive and time.  If not, I'll take them back to the shop, tail between my legs.

Now however, I have one more question for the experts.  Power steering is intermittent (hard to turn) and the hydraulic pto, when driving a brush hog, stops in medium heavy weeds.  Is this likely a flow or pressure problem ?  (System is full of clean fluid, new filter, and rebuild pto valve.

Thanks for any advice.

Had this happen to a 180 tractor.  We bought a new Vermeer hay baler.  The pto would stall.  The Vermeer dealer was there and checked over the baler.  Nothing could be found wrong with the baler.  Hooked up another tractor to the baler and it worked properly.  

Took the tractor to the Allis dealer and put it on a dyno.  The problem turned out to be a bad o-ring.  This was thirty years ago. They changed the o-ring and the PTO is still running strong.