Would be odd if it were 230volt.  Was the motor sitting out where mud daubers could get in it.  Bad capacitor or mud dauber in the end of the motor will cause the breaker to trip as you describe.  Sounds like its not getting off the start winding's.   Start capacitors are normally black hard plastic material, round, and have numbers on the side with a range like 189-225mfd, followed by the numbers 110vac or 330vac, which by the way DOES NOT have any relation with incoming voltage.  Run capacitors will have a fixed MFD rating like 5, 10, 15 etc..  If you have an ohm meter you can give the capacitor a quick check.  I can give you instructions if you want.

There is a centrifugal switch in the end of the motor, once the start capacitor nudged it up to speed, the centrifugal switch shuts off the capacitor and the amp draw drops dramatically.  A mud dauber nest will prevent the switch from moving and

This test won't give the MFD rating but will check if it's open or shorted. 

First unplug the drill press.

Remove the cover with the capacitor.

Don't touch the terminals on the capacitor until you first short them together with a screwdriver.  If you do get a spark you don't need to go any further, the capacitor is good.

If you don't get a spark it doesn't mean it is bad though.

Remove the wires from the terminals on the capacitor, if there is only one wire on each terminal don't worry about which came from where, if there are two wires on one side mark those so they go back together when you reinstall.

An analog ohm meter works best but a digital will work also, just have to look quick.

Set the meter to something above the lowest setting but not the highest.

Touch each terminal with one probe, (red lead on the left terminal, black lead on the right), at the same time, probably no activity on the meter this time.

Now swap the leads, (black lead on the left terminal and red on the right) while looking at the meter display.  An analog meter, the needle will go up a ways and back to zero.  A digital meter will go up in number and return to infinity.  If the meter goes up but fails to zero the cap is bad.  If the meter does not go up, reverse the leads and check again, if the meter fails to go up then the capacitor is open and bad.

You can check it as many times as you want, just keep reversing the leads.

I'm not a motor expert but people have paid me thinking I am.

NEVER ever ASSUME what voltage it IS by the wiring. Idiot 'electricians' and 'HVAC pros' WILL and DO wire 240 with NMD-2 ( black and white). sigh, to me it should be NMD-3 where black and red are used for power. I've also seen 240 on regular 120 receptacles, that's 'fun'.

I'd get rid of the motor and use one you KNOW is good. What's your time worth? $50 /hr..waste 2 hrs and you could have bought a new motor ! Life is way to short and get shorter the longer we live.... unless you LOVE a challenge, swap it out for a good motor.

Jay

 

  There you go,,Thad,,,with just a little more work,,,you gots you the makins of a nice mill,,,,yeah,,!!!!

  Thas the main reason I'm lookin for a floor mount drill press to UMMmm,,,,, modify as a small mill,,,,,???  I doubt I'll ever come across a mill I can afford so I'm gonna amke one,,,,,